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YEAST
The U.S. Government's
Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]
lists yeast as an allergen
and irritant and as a cause of
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and
Dermatitis.
Toxic Mould Species:
Mould Pictures
Absidia Mould
Alternaria Mould
Aspergillus Mould
Aureobasidium Mould
Blastomyces Mould
Candida Mould
Coccidioides
Cryptococcus Mould
Curvularia Mould
Histoplasma Mould
Mucor Mould
Penicillium Mould
Pseudallescheria
Sporothrix Mould
Stachybotrys Mould
Verticillium Mould
Yeast |
Description and
Natural Habitats
Yeast are unicellular fungi. The precise
classification is a field that uses the characteristics of the cell, ascospore and colony. Physiological characteristics are also used to
identify species. One of the more well known characteristics is the ability
to ferment sugars for the production of ethanol. Budding yeasts are true
fungi of the phylum Ascomycetes, class Hemiascomycetes. The
true yeasts are separated into one main order Saccaharomycetales.
Yeasts are characterized by a wide dispersion of natural habitats. Common on
plant leaves and flowers, soil and salt water. Yeasts are also found on the
skin surfaces and in the intestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals, where
they may live symbiotically or as parasites. The common "yeast infection" is
typically Candidiasis is caused by the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans.
In addition to being the causative agent in vaginal yeast infections
Candida is also a cause of diaper rash and thrush of the mouth and
throat.
Yeasts multiply as
single cells that divide by budding (eg Saccharomyces) or direct
division (fission, eg. Schizosaccharomyces), or they may grow as
simple irregular filaments (mycelium). In sexual reproduction most yeasts
form asci, which contain up to eight haploid ascospores. These ascospores
may fuse with adjoining nuclei and multiply through vegetative division or,
as with certain yeasts, fuse with other ascospores.
The awesome power
of yeast genetics is partially due to the ability to quickly map a phenotype
producing gene to a region of the S. cerevisiae genome. For the past
two decades S. cerevisiae has been the model system for much of
molecular genetic research because the basic cellular mechanics of
replication, recombination, cell division and metabolism are generally
conserved between yeast and larger eukaryotes, including mammals.
For more information on yeasts, please visit
Stanford University Genomic Resources.
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Saccharomyces
cerevisiae |
 DY150 cells in stationary phase
[electron micrograph] |
 DY150 cells undergoing detergent mediated (Y-PER) lysis
[electron micrograph, 12,000X] |
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae images provided by Diane Nowicki and Ryan
Liermann |
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